|
Achalasia is a rare motility disorder of the oesophagus, characterized by:
(i) failure of lower oesophageal sphincter to relax (thus preventing food from getting into the stomach) and,
(ii) absence of normal oesophageal peristalsis (contracting movements which push food down into the stomach)
This results in what is known as a "functional obstruction" of the gastroesophageal junction (where the oesophagus joins the stomach).
The normal pressure and relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter is regulated by exitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. In persons with achalasia, there is an absence of certain nerve cells, resulting in an imbalance in the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.
What are the Symptoms?
Achalasia typically occurs between the ages 25 to 60 years of age, and may present with the following symptoms:
• Dysphagia (trouble swallowing)
• Heartburn
• Regurgitation
• Chest pain
How is Achalasia Diagnosed?
• Barium swallow
• Pressure measurements in the lower oesophagus
How is Achalasia Treated?
The aim of therapy is to relieve this "obstruction" in order to allow normal passage of food into the stomach.
• Medication: drugs are sometimes used to help decrease the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure
• Endoscopic treatment techniques eg. intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin, balloon dilation
• Surgery
Find a Gastroenterologist
The article above is meant to provide general information and does not replace a doctor's consultation.
Please see your doctor for professional advice.
|
