Sub-specialists within the field of ENT include rhinologists (ie. nose specialist), otologists (ie. ear specialist) , laryngologists (ie. throat specialist), as well as those who specialize in reconstructive surgery, facial plastic surgery, sleep disorders, pediatric ENT, and cancers of the head and neck.

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Common ENT Conditions

Common Ear Problems

• External ear: auricular haematoma, impacted wax, cauliflower ear, otitis externa, necrotizing otitis externa, foreign bodies, ear canal trauma, tumours

• Middle ear: serous otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media ("unsafe" - due to cholesteatoma, or "safe" - due to perforation of the pars tensa)

• Inner ear: acoustic neuroma, presbyacusis, Meniere's disease, acute vestibular neuronitis, benign positional vertigo, barotrauma and perilymph fistula, noise-induced hearing loss, ototoxicity, glomus tumours, Ramsay Hunt Syndrome, tinnitus.

Common Nose Problems

• Sinusitis, rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis

• Nasal polyps

• Fractures of the nose and mid-face

• Epistaxis (nose bleed)

• Nasopharyngeal cancer

• Snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea

• Adenoids

• Foreign body

Common Throat Problems

• Epiglottitis

• Laryngitis

• Hoarseness of voice

• Tonsillitis

• Vocal cord nodules, polyps or tumours

• Vocal cold palsy

• Foreign body - eg. fish bone in throat

Neck, Salivary Glands and Thyroid Gland Disease

• Branchial cyst

• Thyroglossal duct cysts

• Lymph nodes of the head and neck reagion

• Acute parotitis

• Salivary calculi (stones) - sialolithiasis

• Sialorrhoea (drooling of saliva)

• Benign salivary gland tumours - pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumour, haemangioma, lymphangioma

• Malignant salivary gland tumours - adenoid cystic carcinoma, parotid adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma, mucoepidermoid tumours, lymphoma

• Thyroid gland nodules and cancer