HEADACHES - DIAGNOSIS

Your doctor will make an assessment of your headache by conducting a clinical interview, followed by a thorough neurological examination. If there are symptoms or physical signs suggestive of a more serious secondary cause, your doctor may recommend a referral to a neurologist or the Emergency Department.

Certain investigations are sometimes performed in the investigation of headaches.  These would include:

•  A Blood Count:
This would help in the diagnosis of infections.

•  Neuroimaging (such as CT scan or MRI):
These imaging investigations help in the diagnosis of intra-cranial pathologies, such as a blood clot, tumour, arteriovenous malformation, hydrocephalus etc.

•  Lumbar Puncture:
A sample of cerebro-spinal fluid is obtained from a needle inserted in the lower spine region.  This fluid is sent for testing to help with the diagnosis of conditions such as meningitis.

HEADACHES - MANAGEMENT

PRIMARY HEADACHES

Most primary headaches respond to simple measures.

Pain-killers

Pain killers such as paracetamol and NSAIDS (non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs) are often sufficient to control most headaches. For migraine and cluster headaches, specific medication such as ergotamine and triptans may be used.

Sleep

Having insufficient good quality sleep can contribute to headaches. Make sure that you get a good night's rest to enjoy more headache-free days.

Cold Therapy

An ice pack or cold pack placed over the painful area during an acute headache attack, can temporarily provide some relief by numbing the soreness and reducing tension.

Adequate Rest and Reduction of Anxiety

Tension and migraine type headaches are often precipitated by stress. Stress management methods, exercise, meditation  and other relaxation techniques, can all help reduce and possibly prevent such headaches.

Healthy Eye Care

Eye strain from prolonged reading or computer work can trigger headaches. Ensure that you have properly prescribed glasses to correct for any vision problems, as short or long sightedness can aggravate eye strain.

SECONDARY HEADACHES

Management of secondary headaches would involve treatment of the underlying cause.  For instance, in treating bacterial meningitis, antibiotics will have to be given to treat the underlying infection.

Find a Neurologist

The article above is meant to provide general information and does not replace a doctor's consultation. 
Please see your doctor for professional advice.