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Melasma is a common skin condition resulting from an overproduction of melanin, which appears as blotchy, brownish pigmentation on the face. Melasma usually affects women, and generally starts between the ages of 30 to 40 years. It is more common in those who tan easily or have naturally dark skin, and typically affects the forehead, cheeks and upper lips. Less commonly, it may appear on the neck, shoulders and upper arms.
What Causes Melasma?
Melasma is believed to be due to the hyper-stimulation of the pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) of the skin when exposed to sunlight, by the female sex hormones. Some women are also genetically predisposed to the development of melasma.
Triggers for melasma include:
• Sun exposure
• Pregnancy
• Hormonal contraceptives such as oral contraceptives
• Certain soaps and cosmetics - due to a reaction with sunlight
• Thyroid disease
• Unknown factors
Treatment of Melasma
Melasma may respond slowly to treatment, so you will have to be patient. Treating too aggressively may result in irritant contact dermatitis, which can result in postinflammatory pigmentation.
If melasma is due to pregnancy or oral contraceptives, delivery or stopping of the hormonal contraceptives will usually cause the melasma to slowly fade over a few months.
Treatments used to help hasten the fading of malesma include:
• Topical depigmenting agents such as hydroquinone
• Tretinoin
• Azelaic acid
• Facial/Chemical peels
• Laser treatment
Find a Dermatologist
The article above is meant to provide general information and does not replace a doctor's consultation.
Please see your doctor for professional advice.
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