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OSTEOPOROSIS - DIAGNOSIS
Bone strength is determined by both bone density and bone quality. As there are no reliable methods of measuring bone quality, the diagnosis of osteoporosis is made based on bone mineral density (BMD).
About 80% of one's bone density is determined by one's genes, and the remaining 20% by lifestyle. Based on assessment of risk one's individualized risk for osteoporosis, your doctor will advise on the need for BMD testing.
The most common test for osteoporosis is the DEXA Scan (Dual X-ray Absorptiometry). It is the preferred technique for measuring BMD for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. The DEXA Scan is a painless, simple procedure, which is relatively easy to perform. The scanner produces 2 x-ray beams of different energy levels. The amount of x-rays that pass through the bone is measured for each beam, and the bone density is calculated based on the difference between the two beams.
DEXA scanning is typically done on the hip and spine, and bone density measured at these sites are taken as predictive of bone density of the skeleton in general.
OSTEOPOROSIS - MANAGEMENT
LIFESTYLE CHANGES
• Adequate intake of Calcium and Vitamin D
• Exercise – both weight-bearing and resistance training exercises have been shown to be effective in improving bone mineral density in women. Exercise also improves physical strength and postural stability, thus reducing risk of falls and further fractures.
• Avoid smoking and alcohol consumption – both are associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures.
• Fall prevention
Recommended Daily Requirements of Calcium and Vitamin D
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Category
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Calcium
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Vitamin D
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Adolescents 10-18 yr old
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1000 mg
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400 IU
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Adults 19-50 yr old
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800 mg
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400 IU
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Adults 51-70 yr old
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1000 mg
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400 IU
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Adults above 70 yr old
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1000 mg
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800 IU
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Breastfeeding/pregnancy
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1000 mg
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400 IU
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TREATMENT
If your doctor has assessed that you require treatment, you may be started on the following medication. The choice of drug will depend on efficacy, ease of administration and cost, amongst other factors to be considered.
1. Bisphosphonates
2. Strontium ranelate
3. Raloxifene
4. Calcitonin
5. Teriparatide
Find an Orthopaedic Surgeon
The article above is meant to provide general information and does not replace a doctor's consultation.
Please see your doctor for professional advice.
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