Causes of Prostate Enlargement

---

The vast majority of prostatic enlargement is benign, although cancerous enlargements do occur in a small number.

1. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

In BPH, the prostate gland slowly enlarges over time, and as its name suggests, this abnornmal growth is benign.  The exact cause of this enlargement is uncertain, but it does involve the male hormones, and does not occur in men castrated at an early age. 

2. Prostate Cancer

Cancer of the prostate is one of the most common cancers in Singaporean males.  It most commonly affects the outer layer of the gland, but as it grows and spreads to the central parts of the gland, it can also cause obstructive symptoms, similar to that of BPH.
Many men with prostate cancer first occuring in the outer parts of the gland, may also have BPH affecting the inner part of the gland.  It is BPH which may first produce symptoms, prompting a visit to the doctors. 

3. Prostatitis

Prostatitis refers to inflammation of the prostate gland.  This typically occurs as a result of an infection, and may cause symptoms which can be rather vague and difficult to diagnose.

Other non-prostate conditions which may cause "prostatic symptoms"

There are some other conditions which do not involve the prostate, but can cause symptoms which mimic a prostate pathology.

These would include the following:
• bladder stones
• urethral strictures
• bladder tumours

Find a Urologist